Basic Programming

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Digital I/O Operations

Digital Input/Output (I/O) operations are fundamental to microcontroller programming. They allow the microcontroller to interact with the external world through pins that can be set as either inputs or outputs.

Digital I/O Basics

1. Pin Configuration

// Set pin as output
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

// Set pin as input
pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT);

2. Digital Output

// Turn LED on
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);

// Turn LED off
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);

3. Digital Input

// Read button state
int buttonState = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);

if (buttonState == HIGH) {
    // Button is pressed
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
}