Circuit Analysis

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Series and Parallel Circuits
Series Circuits

Components connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current.

Characteristics:

  • Same current through all components
  • Voltages add up to source voltage
  • Total resistance is sum of all resistances
  • If one component fails, circuit breaks
Formula: Rtotal = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + ...
Parallel Circuits

Components connected across each other, providing multiple current paths.

Characteristics:

  • Same voltage across all components
  • Currents add up to total current
  • Total resistance decreases
  • Circuit works if one component fails
Formula: 1/Rtotal = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ + ...
Circuit-analysis